The Cyprus Operation Kitap Ozeti

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THE CYPRUS PEACE OPERATİON KİTAP ÖZETİ

Why It Is Called The Peace Operation

A Brief History of Cyprus

Cyprus is a Mediterranean island located roughly 75 miles from Turkey’s Southern Coast. It was captured in 1571 by the Ottoman Empire from Venice, a strong city state and a naval power that controlled a large part of the Mediterranean. After 300 years the island was to protect the ailing Ottoman Empire against Russia. Britain established naval bases that would control the Eastern Mediterranean and protect its colonial interests in the Middle East. To

After World War II the island’s Greek-speaking majority for independence while most of them called for its 

Cyprus Becomes An Independent Republic

In 1960 was reached between all parties when Britain granted Cyprus its independence in return for keeping its military bases on the island. Under the treaties signed in Zurich and London Cyprus became a Republic where Greek and Turkish Cypriots would be equal citizens under the law, and represented in the government in proportion to their respective populations. Archbishop Makarios of the Greek Orthodox Church became the President, while the Turkish community leader Dr Fazil Kucuk his Vice-President. Some of the ministerial posts in the Republic’s cabinet were filled by Turkish Cypriots. Britain, Greece and Turkey were signatories and the guarantors to the treaties. The Zurich and London treaties provided for joint or unilateral military intervention in the event that the Republic’s constitution and the rights Greeks Renounce The Treaties They Signed

In 1963 Greek Cypriots renounced the treaties and the Republic’s constitution, called for the complete Greek control of the island and its annexation to Greece. Turkish members of the island’s  the people of Turkey who called for military military force with tanks, armor and heavy artillery. The Military Junta in Greece operated in Cyprus as if it had already annexed it to its territory, and threatened Turkey with an all-out war and the breakup of NATO if it intervened under the Zurich and London treaties.

Turkish Cypriots Become Hostages On Their Homeland In less than 3 years the Turkish Cypriot citizens of the Republic of Cyprus had been reduced from equal citizens to a community of virtual living under siege in various and protected safety zones throughout the island, most of their rights under the constitution having been suspended. Since they could not travel freely unless they wanted to emigrate, and restrictions had been placed on their freedom by the Greek rulers of the island, many of them depended for their livelihood on aid from Turkey. The Turkish Cypriots’ survival depended on Turkish Air Power which kept Greek armor and artillery at bay. Most Turkish males had been  on a permanent military service to protect the Turkish villages, enclaves and safety zones from Greek occupation. In respect to Turkey’s obligations as a member of the NATO Alliance, the man who had kept the country out of World War II exercised an extraordinary degree of in the face of public calls for military intervention. Ismet Inonu, who was the Prime Minister at that time, exhausted all diplomatic initiatives to end the crisis and return Cyprus to the rule of law as intended under the treaties and the Republic’s constitution. This was in vain, since neither the Greek Cypriot Government nor the Government of Greece had any intention of giving up their objective of the multi-ethnic Republic of Cyprus, and turning the island into an all-Greek territory. The Government of Greece shipped Colonel Grivas, a former guerilla officer to train the Greek Cypriot National Guard in guerrilla warfare and to complete the island’s ethnic transformation.

Turkish Air Power Stops Ethnic Cleansing

The reluctant old soldier who told Winston Churchill that Turkey would never fight a war again tried all diplomatic channels for a peaceful solution, including appeals to President Johnson and European leaders, but in vain. Prime Minister Inonu first used Turkish Air Power in 1964 when the Greek National Guard with tanks and heavy artillery against the Turkish enclaves and safety zones. Turkey became the first to use air power successfully to prevent ethnic cleansing. As it was also recently demonstrated by NATO in the Balkans, the Turkish Air Force at that time became the only guarantee of survival for the Turkish community in Cyprus. With Inonu’s reluctance for a full-scale military intervention, conditions for Turkish Cypriots constantly as they became the in a game of power between the Greeks that wanted to unite with Greece and the other Greeks that wanted an all-Greek but independent Cyprus. Archbishop Makarios was reluctant to 

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